FUNCTIONAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PHRASES AND SENTENCE ELEMENTS
Abstract
sually, the structural syntax studies the phrase-s as a group of words pronounced altogether and conveying a message or an information about: the doer of action that is preceeding the predicater (NP), the action itself (VP) and the object of action (NP), that is following the predicater as well as the information about the circumstances of the action (PP, Adv.P), etc. On the other hand, the functional syntax studies the sentence elements which are also conveying similar massages or information. Thus, the subject consists of the NP and is placed before the predicator, whereas the Object is also a NP, but placed after the predicator. The Predicator as a heart or nucleus of the sentence is in the same time a VP, describing the action of the doer and his situation. The PP is usually an Adjunct, because it gives information about the circumstances of time, place and manner in which the action occurs. The adjective phrase as a special independent phrase is usually in the position of the Subject complement, because it gives the description of the subject as a doer of action. Conclusively, there as a functional correlation between the phrases as groups of words containing information about the participants in the event and the sentence elements as constituents of the sentence. Those who are familiar with the analysis of the diagram of the phrase and its headword and modifiers, are strongly and very well qualified to identify the elements of the sentence, such as the information about the subject as a doer of action, the predicator as the main verb within the clause or the sentence, the direct and indirect object of the transmitted action, and the adjunct expressing the circumstances in which the main action occurs. All these elements are the constituents of the five basic sentence patterns.
Key words: phrase, diagram, headword modifier, subject, object, predicator, circumstance, clause, sentence.
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